Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system.There are acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system.There are acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
But one thing is unchanged in pancreatitis: the old way of life and diet will remain a thing of the past, because the basis for the treatment of pancreatitis is an almost lifelong diet.The pancreas does not forgive errors in nutrition, immediately responding with pain and digestive disorders.
Pancreatitis Basics
Pancreatitis is an acquired disease;it occurs as a result of abdominal trauma, viral damage to the pancreas, due to liver and gallbladder disorders, after poisoning with alcohol and other toxic substances, along with frequent and severe nutritional disorders - long-term starvation, dieting for the purpose of losing weight.
The main signs of pancreatitis are:
- abdominal pain - sharp, stabbing, almost to the point of loss of consciousness in acute pancreatitis, or dull or painful in the chronic version;
- nausea and vomiting;
- bowel irregularities, often severe diarrhea, fever;
- sudden weight loss.
For acute pancreatitis, you are usually admitted to hospital.Chronic exacerbations can be treated at home, but only under the supervision of a doctor.Self-medication in the case of pancreatitis is dangerous due to the development of complications including pancreatic necrosis (enzymatic dissolution of gland tissue, self-digestion of the gland) and the development of peritonitis, which is fatal.
Therapeutic nutrition for pancreatitis
Medicines, enzymes and dietary therapy for pancreatitis are selected by the doctor, based on the patient's condition and test data.However, the general principles of nutritional correction always remain approximately the same.They give rest to the digestion and pancreas, which means they reduce pain and normalize well-being.
Diet for pancreatitis is severely limited - most of the usual foods will have to be forgotten.You need to eat often, about 5-6 times a day - every 2.5-3 hours, with a break of 8 hours of sleep.But the portions should be small in volume - about 200-250 g, especially for the first time after the aggravation of the disease.
All dishes are mechanically processed - almost all are eaten pureed.Then, as the inflammation subsides, larger particles appear in the food, but the food needs to be chewed well.
Since the whole body suffers from insufficient supply of nutrients during pancreatitis,it is necessary to increase the protein component of the diet (meat, fish, dairy products) - on average up to 140-150 g of protein per day.
But fats and carbohydrates, which greatly burden the pancreas, are limited to a minimum.Carbohydrates are given about 300 g per day, fats - no more than 70-80 g.
Products that have the effect of juice are removed from the diet - meat and fish broths, juice and cabbage decoction;during a severe pain attack, therapeutic fasting for 1-2 days under the supervision of a doctor is recommended.
If you have pancreatitis, you need to drink more fluids -It is recommended to drink up to 2 liters of clean water per day, with 2-3 sips of water approximately every half hour during the day.
Of course, with pancreatitis, it is necessary to completely stop smoking and drinking alcohol.They are the most powerful attack provocateurs.
What should be excluded?
The list of prohibited products will become quite impressive and can be discouraging at first.However, without following these restrictions, relief can take a very long time.You can gradually expand your diet carefully, adhering to the general principles of proper nutrition.
Therefore, for the entire acute period or the moment of exacerbation of the chronic process, you must exclude:
- beetroot soup, cabbage and borscht soup, okroshka, soups with meat, mushroom and fish broths, soups themselves;
- fatty meat - pork, lamb, goose and duck;
- viscera - kidneys, heart, brain, liver;
- fried, smoked, salty and spicy dishes;
- Canned food;
- sausages;
- fatty fish (catfish, star sturgeon, sturgeon, carp);caviar;
- lard, margarine, mayonnaise;
- fatty dairy dishes - cream, sour cream, kumiss;
- egg yolks, boiled eggs;
- side dishes from millet, corn, barley, beans;
- cabbage, turnip, radish, rutabaga, eggplant, onion and garlic, sorrel, cucumbers, tomato and pepper;
- citrus fruits, apples (sour varieties), grapes, pomegranates, cranberries;
- chocolate, jam;
- hot fries, sauces, marinades, vinegar, ketchup;
- all carbonated drinks, even mineral water (only without gas);
- strong tea and coffee, juices, cocoa;
- all fresh bread and pastries, pancakes, pies, pastries.
As you can see, the list of restrictions is quite long, but it is only for the duration of the acute process.Then you can gradually expand your diet a little, but you will have to forget boring and "difficult" meals almost forever.
What can you eat?
This is the first question that arises after reading the list of prohibitions.Of course, the diet is not very diverse, but it is aimed at keeping the pancreas at rest and reducing inflammation.
Allowed:
- dried yesterday's bread, crackers;
- vegetable, noodle soups;
- steamed meat and poultry dishes - cutlets, meatballs, rolls, pates, meat purees;
- boiled fish fillet (fatty), baked fish, omelets;
- milk, fresh cheese, low-fat and mild cheese, kefir;
- vegetable and butter (in porridge) oils;
- vegetable purees and stews, boiled vegetables;
- pasta, noodles, cereals - oatmeal, semolina, buckwheat, rice;
- unsweetened baked fruit (pears, apples, peaches, plums);
- compote, jelly, jelly;
- rose hip decoctions, herbal teas, bran drink.
Of course, the diet is limited, but in agreement with the doctor, you will gradually expand the menu.
Sample menu
It is worth remembering that this menu can be used at home, when the deterioration subsides;in the acute phase of pancreatitis, fasting and gradual introduction of food is prescribed.When planning your diet, remember: there should be at least five meals, which are approximately equal in caloric content and load on the digestive system.
Pancreatitis menu for 5 days
The first day
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 crackers of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelet - 100 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, zucchini puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rosehip broth - 200 ml, a third of a banana.
- Afternoon snack: fruit jelly - 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal - 200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, meatballs - 2 pcs., weak tea with milk, a piece of black bread.
Day two
- Breakfast: buckwheat porridge - 200 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of tea with milk.
- Second breakfast: steamed beef cutlet - 100 g, carrot soufflé - 200 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of dried fruit compote.
- Lunch: noodle soup - 200 ml, boiled chicken - 100 g, vegetable puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, mineral water - 200 ml, half a baked pear.
- Afternoon snack: apple sauce - 200 g, still mineral water - 200 ml, Maria biscuits - 100 g.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes - 200 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, sandwich with cheese (30 g of cheese, a piece of toasted bread), weak tea with milk, a piece of black bread.
The third day
- Breakfast: zucchini and pumpkin puree - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
- Second breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, half a baked pear, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml compote.
- Lunch: broccoli soup - 200 ml, boiled meat ground into puree - 100 g, mashed potatoes - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, chamomile tea - 200 ml.
- Afternoon snack: vegetable stew - 200 g, cheese - 50 g, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge - 200 g, kefir - 200 g, half a banana, a slice of white bread.
Day four
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 crackers of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
- Second breakfast: rice porridge - 200 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, carrot puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rosehip broth - 200 ml, a third of a banana.
- Afternoon snack: omelette - 100 g, baked sweet apple, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal - 200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, meatballs - 2 pcs., weak tea with milk, a piece of black bread.
Day five
- Breakfast: oatmeal - 200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, meatballs - 2 pcs., weak tea with milk, a piece of black bread.
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelet - 100 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: pasta soup - 200 ml, steamed fish cutlet - 100 g, pumpkin puree with carrots - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rosehip broth - 200 ml, Maria cookies - 2 pcs.
- Afternoon snack: baked fruit - 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 crackers of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
If you follow the doctor's recommendations, strictly follow the diet and follow all the instructions, you can quickly achieve relief.But a fairly strict diet with the restriction of "heavy" foods will last from 3 to 6 months.And then you will constantly have to limit fatty foods, fried foods, spices and canned foods.