For gastritis, in addition to drug treatment, other methods of therapy are used - traditional methods of treatment, diet.What can you eat during a diet for gastric gastritis to achieve the effect of such treatment?
General information about the diet for gastritis
Gastritis treatment is usually complex and includes, in addition to drug therapy, different diets.Diet for gastritis means a lot, because dry food, snacks on the run (hot dog, pizza, etc.), irregular meals, too cold or hot food and a large amount of spices can cause gastritis to worsen.
A gastroenterologist prescribes a diet and treatment of gastritis in accordance with the type of disease, disturbing symptoms and causes that led to the appearance of the disease.Patients may suffer from pain, a feeling of heaviness and burning in the epigastrium, a feeling of fullness in the stomach, a feeling of hunger after eating, belching, vomiting, increased salivation, decreased appetite and indigestion.
Diet for gastritis, especially in the acute period, should not contain foods that irritate the stomach.What diet should you follow?The prescribed diet depends on the severity of the exacerbation (attack) in the patient;in addition, the type of diet depends on the level of stomach acidity.
If you have gastritis, exclude the following types of food from your diet:
- any broth;
- animal fats;
- fried, spicy food;
- smoked meat, snacks;
- fatty meat and fish;
- pickled and pickled vegetables;
- mushrooms (due to difficult digestibility);
- some types of cereals - corn, millet, barley, pearl barley;
- fresh berries;
- fermented milk drinks, cream;
- some vegetables and spices - onions, garlic, radishes, radishes, white cabbage;
- vinegar, ketchup, mayonnaise, pepper, spices, sauces;
- some types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, carbonated, undiluted sour fruit juices.
During the exacerbation of the disease, dietary nutrition promotes the remission of the disease, therefore foods that strongly affect secretion and have an irritating effect are excluded from the diet.
Products that irritate the mucous membrane
Mechanical irritation is caused by:
- a bountiful table;
- consumption of cartilage, tough meat, poultry skin;
- consumption of significant amounts of coarse fiber found in beans, radishes, raisins, currants, grapes, gooseberries and bran bread.
Fried food has a maximum mechanical effect on the stomach lining.Dishes prepared by baking in the oven or steaming have this effect to a lesser extent.
Chemical irritation is caused by products from the following list:
- broths, decoctions of vegetables and mushrooms;
- various spices;
- Canned food;
- fried and smoked food (meat and fish);
- salted, pickled, pickled vegetables;
- hard-boiled eggs;
- tomato sauce;
- rye bread, cakes, pastries from butter dough - pies, pastries, pies, biscuits;
- fermented milk products;
- unripe sour fruit;
- some types of raw vegetables - onions, garlic, radishes, radishes;
- some types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
The chemical effect that food can have on the gastrointestinal tract indicates the presence of extracts, organic acids, table salt, water-soluble sugars and essential oils.
Thermal irritation is caused by very hot or very cold food - dishes with a temperature below 15°C and above 57-62°C are irritating, and cold meals taken on an empty stomach increase intestinal motility.The most acceptable food temperature is around 37-38°C.
The diet is chosen according to the qualitative composition, the method of culinary processing of the product (heat treatment - frying, boiling, steaming, baking), and the degree of grinding.
Gentle diet and fasting
A gentle diet, in addition to eliminating irritants, provides for fractional meals, which facilitates digestion and absorption of food.It is desirable to eat pureed, warm, non-rough foods that act like juice - milk, milk porridge, eggs, boiled lean fish, steamed meat.
Sometimes it is considered advisable to fast, because the mere consumption of any food causes an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid.Short-term abstinence from food reduces the acidity of the stomach, reduces the production of saliva, bile and peristalsis.
The greatest effect of fasting days is observed during the exacerbation of the disease, when the complete refusal to eat alternates with the consumption of light food.With this eating schedule, toxins and waste products leave the body faster.But there are contraindications for fasting - it is not used for severe weight loss, anorexia, when you are carrying a child, and it is not used for children.
Fasting should not be started immediately by completely refusing food.First, they switch to light food (for example, kefir), spend 5 days on such a light diet, and then switch to fasting.
Fasting can be in two options: with the first option (dry fasting) it is forbidden to drink water, the second option allows drinking mineral non-carbonated water or simply boiled water.On the second day, it is allowed to drink weak tea, it lasts 4-5 days.Getting out of the hunger strike starts with the consumption of rice water and wheat crackers.Then they start eating liquid cooked oatmeal, rice and semolina porridge, which are made on water or with a little milk.It is good to eat slimy soups or grain infusions with soups during the day.Consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits is excluded.
Separate food
Food options when the diet does not allow the simultaneous intake of fat, protein and carbohydrates are called separate meals.For example, meat should not be eaten with starchy and green vegetables.Green vegetables can be combined with many foods: fats, proteins, grains.Pastry products (flour) and sugar are consumed separately from all foods to avoid fermentation, belching and heartburn.
Adhering to the principle of separate nutrition, you can normalize digestion, metabolic processes in the body and reduce weight.Properly combined foods are absorbed faster, do not cause fermentation and do not create toxic substances in the blood.
Feed output speed
For easier digestion and removal of food from the body, it is not recommended to consume liquid and solid food at the same time.Liquid and mushy food leaves the stomach faster than solid food, so it is recommended to increase the speed of food passage during diets.
Prunes and raisins stay in the stomach for a particularly long time;if gastritis worsens, consumption is not recommended during the first few months.
It also affects the speed of food movement and its type - proteins, carbohydrates or fats.Carbohydrates leave the body the fastest, followed by proteins, and only fats remain the longest.Fats have little effect on the production of gastric juice, but they increase the time period of food retention in the stomach, because fats are difficult to break down - the longer food remains in the stomach, the stronger hydrochloric acid is released.During the exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to avoid fats.
The purpose of the diet
When prescribing a diet, many factors are taken into account, including accompanying diseases of the gallbladder, pancreas and intestines.If you are prone to diarrhea, diet no.4;if symptoms of chronic cholecystitis or pancreatitis are present, diet no.5 (with the exception of full-fat milk and a reduction in the amount of fresh vegetables and fruits).The duration of the diet is also chosen individually.A strict diet, which is prescribed in the acute phase, is maintained for 1-2 months.But the basic rules of proper nutrition must be followed for many years.
The prescribed diet also depends on the form and type of course of the disease.In the case of acute, erosive (ulcerous) gastritis and exacerbation of chronic gastritis, a strict diet is prescribed;in the period of remission, the diet is slightly expanded.For any type of gastritis (superficial, hypertrophic, subatrophic, hyperplastic, hemorrhagic, catarrhal, focal, mixed reflux gastritis, etc.), it is strictly forbidden to eat alcohol, smoking, fatty, fried and spicy food.
With gastritis, the goal is to restore the normal activity of the stomach, regenerate the affected areas of the mucosa, normalize acidity and the activity of digestive enzymes.
What can you eat if you have acute gastritis?
In acute forms of gastritis, it is recommended not to eat on the first day;it is allowed to drink tea and non-carbonated mineral water.From the 2nd day, you can eat by introducing into the diet: liquid porridges (the best oatmeal), mashed potatoes (liquid with water), soft-boiled eggs, jelly.A strict diet is required during periods of exacerbation;as symptoms resolve, diet is expanded.With low acidity, it is recommended to eat more foods that support the secretion of hydrochloric acid;with high acid, vice versa.
| Calms the stomach | They seem irritating |
| Mineral water for drinking without gas, weak tea | Alcoholic and carbonated drinks |
| Weak vegetable soups | Coffee, cocoa (low fat) |
| Porridge | Savory dishes |
| Well-cooked lean meat and fish | All fried, pickled, smoked dishes |
| Vegetable puree (potato, rutabaga, carrot, cauliflower) | Rich, strong broths |
| Fresh cheese | Canned food, spices |
| Fresh white bread | Black bread |
| Sugar | Eggs (yolks only) |
Diet for chronic gastritis
In that case, diet no.2. Food should be diverse in composition;the diet should contain foods that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and increase appetite, which is reduced in such patients.
Permitted and prohibited products for chronic gastritis:
| Allowed | Forbidden |
| Lean meat or fish, soups with a little fat broth (meat or fish) | Fatty meat and fish |
| Soaked herring, caviar (black) | Cold drinks |
| Boiled, stewed, roasted vegetables, herbs - dill, parsley | Fresh bread |
| Fruit and vegetable juices, soft apples | Pastry products |
| Soft-boiled eggs, cheese (mild), lean ham | Lots of grapes or cabbage |
| Old rye bread | Salty, spicy dishes |
| Loose porridge with water or a small amount of milk | Milk |
Due to the fact that patients with this form of gastritis often cannot tolerate milk, it is recommended to consume fermented dairy products (kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt) - fresh and as a casserole or pudding.
Features of nutrition for hypoacid gastritis
You should eat at least 5 times a day.Therapeutic nutrition is followed for 2-3 months after the acute period.It is good to supplement your diet with vitamin and mineral supplements.
In that case, at the beginning of the exacerbation, a strict diet is followed, the purpose of which is to reduce the exacerbation.After that, they begin to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice.The diet prescribed for low acidity is diet no.2.
Table of permitted and prohibited products for low acidity (hypoacid gastritis):
| Allowed | Forbidden |
| Rabbit, chicken, lean meat in the form of meatballs, meatballs, cutlets | Fried food, baked food |
| Lean fish, fish broth | Alcoholic beverages |
| Meat broths, soups - vegetables, fruits, peas | Salty, spicy dishes and spices (horseradish, pepper, mustard, garlic) |
| Vegetable puree, stews, beetroot, carrot, potato, zucchini salad (except spinach and sorrel) | Mushrooms |
| Sour cream, kefir, milk, fresh cheese, cheesecakes, thinned cream, a little butter, mild cheese, steamed omelettes, soft-boiled eggs | Coarse, stringy, fatty meat, pork |
| Fruit juices (except grape juice), compotes, rosehip decoction, blackcurrant berries | Raw vegetables, including radishes, radishes, onions, fresh cucumbers, sweet peppers, rutabagas, cabbage;pickled vegetables |
| Weak tea (with milk), water with lemon and sugar | Grape juice and whole grapes, prunes, raisins |
| White crackers, dry biscuits | Fresh bread, pastries |
| Porridge | Smoked products (meat and fish) |
| Jellied meat | Milk |
| Sweet berries (raspberries, strawberries) and pureed fruit;jam, compote, jelly | Legumes, cereals - pearl barley, corn, barley, millet |
| Pasta | Okroshka |
It is recommended to drink mineral water 20-30 minutes before eating.
The diet is kept for about 3 weeks, it all depends on how you feel.After reducing the inflammation, you can gradually start stimulating the production of hydrochloric acid - cook stronger meat broths, sometimes serve a pickle or a piece of herring for lunch, you can eat a sandwich with grainy caviar.To stimulate the production of gastric juice, half an hour before eating, you should drink lemon juice diluted with water (0.5 cups).
It is allowed to eat fried food, but no bread.It is good to start taking herbal bitters - to increase appetite and sense of taste.Drinking kumis is good for secretion;drinking kvass is not harmful, but you should not get carried away because it accelerates the processes of gas formation.You can also drink coffee, but not more than 1 cup a day.
Furthermore, the diet was expanded, and the consumption of cocoa, kefir and strong tea was allowed.If you feel well, the diet is expanded after a few months - you can eat almost anything, but you should not use salt, spices, cabbage, grapes excessively.Hot dishes must be present with breakfast and lunch.
Sample menu for the period of exacerbation of gastritis:
- breakfast- weak tea with milk and oatmeal;
- second breakfast– apple (roasted);
- lunch– compote, steamed meat cutlet with a side dish of buckwheat porridge, soup with meatballs;
- dinner- vegetable puree, fresh cheese (can also be with jam);
- before bed:a glass of kefir with white crackers.
Diet for hyperacid gastritis
With hyperacid gastritis, you must eat at certain times, in small portions, 5-6 times a day.It is important to chew food well - crushed food does not damage the mucous membrane, and during chewing, more gastric juice and saliva are produced, which help in the digestion of food.All dishes should be minimally seasoned and salted.
For the first few weeks, the diet is almost the same as with low acidity.The difference is that with gastritis with high acidity, it is useful to consume more dairy products and milk in order to normalize the high acidity.
If milk causes bloating or diarrhea, then it can be diluted - drink it, add it to tea.If that doesn't help, then slimy soups are substituted.
All food should be pureed, warm, chopped.A few weeks later, after a strict diet, foods are added that have little effect on the synthesis of gastric juice.The principle of fractional meals has also been preserved.The diet should be rich in protein in order to restore the cells of the stomach.
With hyperacid gastritis, diet number 1 is recommended (it is good for weight loss).Then - diet 1A for up to 10 days, after - diet 1B and No. 1 (up to several months).
List of permitted and prohibited products:
| Allowed | Forbidden |
| Lean cooked meat: rabbit, chicken, pigeon.Dishes made from them, cooked in water or steamed, in the form of meatballs, cutlets, soufflés | Spicy, smoked and fried dishes (or baked with crust - barbecue), sausages, sausages |
| Lean fish - hake, pink salmon, cod and other seafood | Rich meat and fish broths |
| Vegetable puree, grated vegetables - young peas, potatoes, beets, carrots;fresh cabbage juice | Coffee, tea, carbonated and alcoholic drinks, kvass, beer |
| Fruit jelly, jelly, puree (strawberries, raspberries, apples) | Cranberry, sour fruit or citrus juices |
| Porridges that cook well in water - semolina, rice, oatmeal | Tomato, garlic, onion, turnip, radish, pepper, cabbage |
| Milk, fresh cottage cheese | Mustard, ginger |
| Steamed omelettes, soft-boiled eggs, milk, cream, fresh cottage cheese, casseroles like that | Beans, chocolate |
| Mucous soups with the addition of pureed grains, pureed milk porridge from various grains (except millet) | Marinades, pickles, spices, salt |
| White bread crackers | Fermented milk products |
| Sugar, honey | Coffee, alcoholic beverages |
| Rosehip decoction with sugar, tea (with milk or cream) | Black bread |
An hour before eating, it is recommended to drink Borjomi alkaline mineral water (1 glass).
Crackers dried in the oven can replace fresh brown bread.It is recommended to add vegetable oil to meals in order to speed up the healing process of mucosal damage that occurs with this type of gastritis.
Exacerbation menu:
- breakfast - steamed omelette, milk puree porridge (oatmeal), tea with milk;
- second breakfast - milk with crackers;
- lunch - mashed potato and carrot soup, steamed meat cutlets with a side dish of mashed potatoes, fruit jelly;
- afternoon snack - a glass of milk.
- dinner - boiled fish with a side dish of carrot and beetroot puree, tea with milk;
- at night - a glass of milk.
Food Recipes
For easier preparation, they create an approximate menu of diet meals for a week, taking into account the allowed foods.It is very convenient and complies with the rules of gentle cooking when preparing dishes in a slow cooker.
Mucous soups are used during exacerbations and pain.Milk soups are used in diets 1A and 1B.They are more often cereal soups prepared from milk diluted with water (1:1).Mashed soups are prepared from cereals, potatoes and carrots are added, after which everything is pureed and a little oil is added.
For the preparation of main dishes, it is better to use cooking (steamed or in a water bath).This is how omelettes, puddings, sauces, etc. are prepared.The meat is boiled into small pieces (to remove extractive substances from it), then the soup is drained, and the meat is cooked in new water.
Examples of recipes from permitted foods during diets:
First dishes
Creamy zucchini soup with dill
Boil zucchini and potatoes and blend in a blender.Bring to desired texture with vegetable soup, add salt, add cream and finely chopped dill.
Slimy rice soup with minced chicken (breast) and cream
Grind the cooked chicken fillet in a blender.Puree is mixed with rice water, a little salt and boiled.Cool the soup to 70°C, add the egg and cream mixture and whisk.
Other courses:
Turkey cutlets
Ground turkey is salted, butter and wheat bread soaked in milk are added.Form cutlets and steam them.
Delicious diet desserts:
Rice pudding with apples
Boil rice porridge, add grated apples, egg yolk and sugar.Beat the mixture and add previously beaten egg whites.Place in molds and steam for at least half an hour.Cover the finished pudding with fruit jelly.
Curd soufflé
Beat cottage cheese, egg yolk, semolina, milk and cream.Whipped egg whites are added to the mixture and mixed gently.The obtained mass in the form is steamed.